Chapter 6: Life Process

Chapter 6

Life Process

Life process - All the processes like respiration, digestion, which together keep the the living organisms live and perform the job of body maintenance are called life process.

Nutrition 

The process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transpot, assimilation and excretion.

Mode of nutrition 

1. Nutrition in plants
2. Nutrition in animals

Autotrophic nutrition 

It is a kind of nutrition in which in organic materials like CO3, water etc. are utilised to prepare organic food by the process of photosynthesis.
eg. green plants

Heterotrophic nutrition 

1 it is those kind of nutrition in which organisms do not process the ability to synthesis their own food. They depend on autotrophs for there food supply directly or indirectly
eg. Animals, fungi, human beings

Photosynthesis

Autotrophic nutrition is fulfilled by the process by which autotrophs take in CO2 and H2O and convert into carbohydrates in the presence of chlorophyll, sunlight is called photosynthesis.

Stomata

Stomata which are tiny pores present on the syurface of the leaves.

Function

The exchange of gas occurs through stems, roots, and leaves during photosynthesis process. So, large amount of water can lost through stomata. The Plant closes these pores when it does not need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells. The guard cell swell when water flows into them. The guard cell shrink when it release water 

Nutrition in human being

Digestion

The Process in which larger insoluble food molecules are breakdown into small water soluble food molecule so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

Villi (Present in Small intestine)

It has finger like projection which help in the absorption of food into blood. It receives the secretions of the liver and pancreas.

Respiration

Inhale and exhale of oxygen called respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Respiration that takes place in the absence of air/oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration that takes place in the presence of air/ oxygen is called aerobic respiration 

Note- Cramps are caused by the lack of oxygen in our muscles.

Alveoli

It is a balloon like structure which are called Alveoli. It provide a surface where the exchange of gases can take place

Note- Human heart has four- chambered heart.

Artery

Arteries are the vessels which carry blood away from the heart to various organs of the body. It has thick walls.

Veins

Veins collect thwe blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart.

Capillaries

The artery divides into smaller and smaller vessels to bring the blood in contact with all the individual cells.

Transportation in plants

water - xylem

food/other material - Phloem

Excretion

It is important to release nitrogenous material from the body.

Excretion in Plants

For excretion in plants, They can lose some parts such as leaves

waste product may be stored in leaves that fall off plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.